Study notes and practice questions that actually make sense.

• Active recall beats re-reading — close the notes and try to explain the concept out loud or write it from memory before checking.
• Space out review sessions instead of cramming — revisiting material after a day, then a week, then a month builds far stronger long-term memory than one long session.
• Do practice questions under real timed conditions at least once before the actual test — knowing the material isn't the same as being fast enough under pressure.
• Always review your wrong answers, not just your score — understanding why an answer was wrong teaches you more than seeing you got it right.
• For FRQs specifically, check the actual scoring points, not just whether you "got the gist" right — graders award credit for specific phrases and reasoning chains.
• Teach the material to someone else, even out loud to yourself — if you can't explain it simply, you don't know it as well as you think.
• Sleep the night before a test matters more than one extra hour of cramming — memory consolidation happens while you sleep.
• Keep a running list of concepts you keep getting wrong and review that list specifically before a test, instead of re-studying everything equally.
• Ask questions the same week you're confused — small gaps compound into big ones by test time in cumulative subjects like these.
• Study with a friend or small group occasionally — explaining your reasoning to someone else, and hearing theirs, catches misunderstandings neither of you would catch alone.

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